Ethereum is a blockchain technology that allows digital money, global payments, and decentralized applications.
In the Ethereum network, fungible money is represented by the ERC20 standard. They are blockchain-based primitives that can hold value and be sent and received.
ERC20 tokens are simply computer code (smart contracts) living on these global p2p networks. Smart contracts determine the token's total supply, how the supply is circulated, issuance schedule, among other properties.